12.4 不用被动语态的情况

　　1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：

　　appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand

　　break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.

　　After the fire, very little remained of my house.

　　比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。

　　(错) The price has been risen.

　　(对) The price has risen.

　　(错) The accident was happened last week.

　　(对) The accident happened last week.

　　(错) The price has raised.

　　(对) The price has been raised.

　　(错) Please seat.

　　(对) Please be seated.

　　要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

　　2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：

　　fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

　　This key just fits the lock.

　　Your story agrees with what had already been heard.

　　3) 系动词无被动语态：

　　appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

　　It sounds good.

　　4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：

　　die, death, dream, live, life

　　She dreamed a bad dream last night.

　　5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

　　(对) She likes to swim.

　　(错) To swim is liked by her.

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